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Joseph Pulitzer and the New York World (Juergens) provided much information about the layout and style changes Pulitzer made in the early days of the paper.
Pulitzer, by Swanberg, remains the most comprehensive and objective account of the man's life that I have found. It's an excellent read. The author is an experienced biographer and wrote Citizen Hearst before he attempted deciphering the life of J.P.
The Alleyne Ireland book, An Adventure with a Genius: Recollections of Joseph Pulitzer, could be considered a primary source. Ireland became became one of J.P.'s secretaries less than a year before his death. The book did not seek to glorify or vilify Pulitzer with a lot of post-mortem analysis. Alleyne simply told anecdotes about his time as a paid companion of the elderly, capricious publisher.
Hohenberg's The Pulitzer Prizes seems to be an officially sanctioned version of J.P.'s gifts to Columbia. The author served on the Advisory Board to the Pulitzer Prizes for twenty years, and he tends to aggrandize both the reputation of the school and its benefactor. The book provides a useful summary of the awards' history, from 1917 to 1974.
Hohenberg's The Pulitzer Prize Story II continued the story, focusing only on the journalism prizes from 1959 to 1980. The overlap occurs because the second book contains selections from the winning articles. This work is mainly a composite of the various articles, with short explanations of why they were so fascinating as to be worthy of the glorious Pulitzer Prize.
Seitz is perhaps second to Swanberg in insightfulness, with personal anecdotes by editor of the World.
Both Dulles' The United States Since 1865 and Weaver's News and the Culture of Lying served as overview texts. They provided a common historical view of J.P., by researchers who were not already fascinated with the man.
1. Ireland, Alleyne. An Adventure with a Genius: Recollections of Joseph Pulitzer (formerly, Joseph Pulitzer: Reminiscences of a Secretary, 1914). New York: E.P. Dulton & Company, Inc., 1920. 110.
2. The first syllable of the family name is pronounced "pull," not "pewl." Weaver, Paul H. News and the Culture of Lying. New York: The Free Press, 1994. 34.
3. Information for the entire "Background" chapter from the following sources:
Rammelkamp, Julian S. Pulitzer's Post-Dispatch: 1878-1883. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967. 4-8.
Swanberg, W.A. Pulitzer. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1967. 13-29.
Weaver, Paul H. News and the Culture of Lying. New York: The Free Press, 1994. 33-36.
4. "Joseph Pulitzer: For the United States Senator from New York." Unnamed author. Text-fiche at Butler Library, Columbia University. 21-22. Source included the following description: "AN INTIMATE NARRATIVE Issued for reference libraries (especially newspaper "morgues" so-called), political memorandists, social arbiters and bibliophiles generally."
5. Juergens, George. Joseph Pulitzer and the New York World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966. 332-34.
6. World, May 22, 1883. p.1 Different editions of the same newspaper often varied widely in content at the turn of the century. The Evening and Sunday Worlds almost always carried more sensational articles and layouts than the morning World. Except as noted, citations refer to the morning World, the edition over which Pulitzer exerted the most control.
7. Weaver. News and Lying. 37.
8. Juergens. Pulitzer and World. 30.
9. World, March 30, 1884. p.1.
10. World, October 30, 1884. p.1. Ears first appeared in the June 21, 1883 issue of the World.
11. Weaver. News and Lying. 45.
12. Weaver. News and Lying. 46.
13. Ireland. Recollections of J.P. 115-116.
14. Weaver. News and Lying. 59.
15. See the World, May 25, 1884, p.11 for a precursor of the Woman's Page, the "World of Women" column.
16. See the World, May 20, 1883, p.10 for the first appearance of fiction in the Sunday edition.
17. World, May 17, 1905. p.4.
18. Seitz, Don C. Joseph Pulitzer: His Life and Letters. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1924. 271.
19. World, March 15, 1909. p.10.
20. Dulles, Foster Rhea. The United States Since 1865. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1959. 136.
21. Swanberg, Pulitzer. 84.
22. World, October 30, 1884. p.1.
23. Swanberg. Pulitzer. 225.
24. World, July 2, 1898. p.1.
25. Swanberg. Pulitzer. 252.
26. World, February 17, 1898.
27. Swanberg. Pulitzer. 247.
28. World, March 2, 1898. p.1 ears.
29. World, December 21, 1895. p.1.
30. World, December 25, 1895. p.1.
31. Background material from Swanberg. Pulitzer. 199-201.
32. World, January 3, 1896.
33. World, September 23, 1883. p.4.
34. World, March 16, 1885. p.4.
35. See the World, April 12, 1885, p.1. and May 1, 1885, p.4 for disapproval of the rich who failed to contribute.
36. Background from Swanberg. Pulitzer. 359-367.
37. World, December 16, 1908.
38. World, December 16, 1908.
39. World, February 18, 1909.
40. Swanberg. Pulitzer. 145.
41. World, October 16, 1890. p.4.
42. Swanberg. Pulitzer. 156.
43. "Story of the Dinner." Unnamed author. St. Louis: Woodward and Tiernan Printing Co. Text-fiche at Butler Library, Columbia University.
44. Henry W. Moore, Post-Dispatch Managing Editor, St. Louis, to J.P., New York, February 19, 1885. Pulitzer Collection, Butler Library, Columbia University. 1883-1185 box, February 1885 folder.
45. J.P., New York, to Seitz, Don C., editor at the World, New York. February 18, 1898. Pulitzer Papers, Library of Congress. Quoted in Swanberg. Pulitzer. 244.
46. John A. Cockerill, New York, to J.P., June 30, 1885. Pulitzer Collection, Butler Library, Columbia University. 1883-1885 box, June 1885 folder.
47. Ignaz Kappner, Post-Dispatch Business Manager, St. Louis, to J.P., New York, December 26, 1884. Pulitzer Collection, Butler Library, Columbia University. 1883-1885 box, December 1884 folder.
48. Joseph Pulitzer Papers, Special Collections, Columbia University. Quoted in Hohenberg, John. The Pulitzer Prizes. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974. 10. (Unable to find original since secondary source did not include specific date.)
49. Joseph Pulitzer Papers, Special Collections, Columbia University. Quoted in Hohenberg. Pulitzer Prizes I. 10. (Unable to find original since secondary source did not include specific date.)
50. Hohenberg, John. The Pulitzer Prize Story II. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980. 8.
51. The conclusion represents the author's subjective opinion after reading both Hohenberg books.
52. J.P., aboard Liberty, to George Hosmer. January 7, 1911. Quoted in Seitz. Life and Letters.
53. Swanberg. Pulitzer. 415-18.
54. Charles Gibson, St. Louis, to J.P., New York, May 21, 1885. Pulitzer Collection, Butler Library, Columbia University. 1883-1885 box, May 1885 folder.
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